Homosexual Marriage and the Catholic Church Essay

Homosexual Marriage and the Catholic Church Imagine you were born into a world where being straight was taboo. You were raised by same sex parents, as all of your friends. Fornication of the opposite sex was merely to have children, but a relationship between the two was virtually unheard of. It was believed that same sex parents provided a better home for children. Love between a man and a man (or a woman and a woman) was believed to be the perfect love because it was loving an equal. If one should love the opposite sex it was believed that they secretly wanted to be that sex. Everything you have ever known and been taught was based around same sex relationships. When you watch television every program along with every†¦show more content†¦The terminology generally used for male homosexuality is gay. In the same, homosexual women generally prefer the term lesbian. Before one can understand homosexuality, the person must first understand sexual orientation. Sexual orientation is one of the four components of sexuality and is distinguished by an enduring emotional, romantic, sexual or affectionate attraction to individual of a particular gender. The three other components of sexuality are biological sex, gender identity, and social sex role. Three sexual orientations are commonly recognized. These being : homosexual; attraction to ones own sex, heterosexual; attraction to the opposite sex, and bisexual; attraction to both sexes (Clausen 25-27). The way a particular sexual orientation develops in an individual is not well understood at this point. Various theories have proposed different sources, including genetic or inborn hormonal factors and life experiences during early childhood. Many scientists share the view that sexual orientation is shaped for most people at an early age through complex interactions of biological, psychological and social factors. Sexual orientation emerges for most people in early adolescence without any prior sexual experience. Psychologists do not con sider sexual orientation for most people to be a conscious choice that can be voluntarily changed. Some people report trying veryShow MoreRelatedEssay about Religion and Gay Rights1124 Words   |  5 Pagesservices, insurance companies and the wedding industry just to name a few. Many believe legalizing marriage for same-sex couples would not only change the meaning of marriage, but change society all together. On the matter of religion, homosexuality is a very sensitive topic and has been throughout history. Every religion has their own opinions and beliefs for homosexuality and same-sex marriage based on their interpretation of their sacred text. The members of these churches and congregationsRead MoreA New Era For Catholicism?1324 Words   |  6 PagesA New Era for Catholicism? There has been a new renewal in the Catholic Church since Argentina’s Bishop, Father Francis, became the new Pope. This renewal appears evident when listening to the Pope’s speech on homosexuality. Many of the world’s approximately one billion Catholics were shocked that he is taking a liberal stance in the Church and opening the Catholic community to these supposed sinners. However, it is important to consider why people still view Pope Francis as an open-minded PopeRead MoreThe Rights Of The Lgbtq Community1217 Words   |  5 PagesThe LGBTQ community has been denied certain rights because of their sexual preference. Because there is not a natural born man and woman standing at the aisle, many states deny them the right to marriage. Many protest the rights the LGBTQ community should be able to have. The Catholic Church has condemned the LGBTQ community since the beginning of time. While some states have changed their views and laws on LGBTQ rights and privile ges, there is still much improvement that needs to be done. Who givesRead MoreHomosexualiy and the Catholic Church Essay1568 Words   |  7 PagesHomosexualiy and the Catholic Church For us in Scotland homosexuality is one of the most prominent issues in Church and society today. Gay-rights advocates and activists are pushing a strong political agenda from the left#8212;job benefits for domestic partners, civil recognition for gay marriages, the right to bear ones own children via reproductive technologies, equal access to adoption, anti-discrimination statutes. At the same time, the government has changed legislation regarding theRead MoreSynthesis Paper on Gay Marriage1240 Words   |  5 Pagesarticle, â€Å"Gay marriage proposals destructive to society, Vatican official says,† is an argument against gay marriage. The author, John Thavis, claims that homosexuals are just struggling to find themselves and that same-sex marriage disrupts the normal sexuality and fertility of a couple. In â€Å"Support for Homosexuals’ Civil Liberties†, Kristin Kenneavy discusses how religious outlooks influence a family’s beliefs on same sex marriag e. The two articles show the different views on gay marriage by explainingRead MoreTyler Dudley. Ms. Elliott. Ap English/2P. 24 January 2017.1481 Words   |  6 PagesTyler Dudley Ms. Elliott AP English/2p 24 January 2017 Same Sex Marriage Research Paper There are many different topics in the world that split people’s opinions. Some stronger than others. These views and opinions are often swayed by one’s political views, and one of the biggest topics that sparks controversy are the rights of all people. Some of the bigger groups are Black Lives Matter and feminists. While these are very big and prominent, the one that sparks the most controversy is the LGBT communityRead MoreArguments For Same Sex Marriage1483 Words   |  6 Pagesare allowed. Arguments for same-sex marriage, despite being backed up with hard legal evidence and Supreme Court rulings, continue to face opposition on the grounds of religious beliefs and personal values. Often cited by Catholics is an interpretation of marriage as â€Å"a promise made to God† and â€Å"a holy sacrament† that is only to be shared between one man and one woman. Other biblical interpretations suggest that a capital sin is committed by those in homosexual relati onships and therefore must beRead MoreSexual Morality And The Catholic Church1180 Words   |  5 PagesMorality and The Catholic Church All the feelings resulting from the urge to indulge in sexual impulses is virtually in everyone, as advertisements from burgers to any automobile can inform you. Along with that, the desire to glorify a divine being resonates within many as well. In early Abrahamic faiths, sex was commemorated as a source of holiness and sanctification when used in a proper manner. These proper manners consist of three points: 1. Only between man and woman (condemns homosexual partnerships)Read MoreThe Catholic Church Should Accept That Gay Marriage1526 Words   |  7 Pages The Catholic Church should accept that gay marriage is morally acceptable and doesn’t contradict their beliefs. Gay marriage has been a topic of controversy ever since the 1970’s. May of 1970 to be exact. Around This time two men named Richard John Jack Baker and James Michael McConnell in Minnesota applied to Hennepin County District Court clerk Gerald Nelson for a marriage license. They were denied because they both were men. This issue of two people of the same sex getting married isRead MoreGay Marriage Moment Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesGay Marriage Moment Gay marriage should be allowed nobody is perfect. In this world we all have the ability to love somebody. We shouldn’t judge others, all of us are human beings just because we don’t like a man or women of our kind. Each one of us that are homosexuals or lesbians or gays. Doesn’t mean that we can’t have the same things as men and women some people believe that same sex marriage is against their morals and their religious won’t accept it. Gay marriage should be allowed because the

The Importance Of Monitoring And Assessment For Students...

SC3 Demonstrated capacity to monitor and assess student learning data and to use this data to inform teaching for improved student learning. Assessment is a crucial part of the teaching and learning process as it provides teachers with the evidence that is required to inform the direction and implementation of the curriculum. By upholding ongoing assessment and monitoring, students have the advantage of working in an environment that is tailored to their individual learning needs which in turn promotes students’ self-confidence and encourages students to strive for excellence. The following evidence outlines my ability to use monitoring and assessment to inform my teaching for optimal student outcomes. As a volunteer teacher assistant in foundation classrooms, I have been given the opportunity to practice and develop effective assessment strategies to inform planning for student learning. I have worked within several foundation classrooms and conducted running records of the students of a wide range of abilities. The running records that I have completed have been used as assessment as, for and of learning. When working with the foundation students, I encourage them to reflect upon their learning and make informed decisions about their learning goals. In doing this students are provided with an opportunity to focus their learning to a targeted goal of their choice which in turn promotes self-motivation and self-efficacy. My comprehensive running records are also usedShow MoreRelatedStandardized Assessments Are Being Criticized As Inappropriate When Measuring Student Performance1428 Words   |  6 Pages Standardized assessments are being criticized as inappropriate when measuring student performance. This criticism has led to the new school of thought â€Å"thoughtful assessment† thereby leading to authentic assessment, emphasizing that all assessments must be done with learners in mind. The ensuing paper will look at the definitions of authentic assessment and performance assessment; present a design of an authentic, performance-based assessment for reading by Grade 6 English as second language learnersRead MoreThe Performance Of The Spring Concert1675 Words   |  7 Pagesis often judged by the band’s performance at concerts. Concerts are typically considered the culminating event of the class. Students, parents, and teachers alike judge the quality of learning by the quality of performance. The spring concert is compared to the winter concert to show how much the ensemble has improved throughout the school year and therefore how much learning has taken place (Barde n, 2009). Douglas Orzolek, a music education expert in the state of Minnesota, attended a state schoolRead MoreCharacteristics of Formative and Summative Assessment in the Instructional Process1238 Words   |  5 PagesSummative Assessment Introduction Formative and summative assessments are methods of information gathering used to assess students during their learning process. This helps to bring out a balanced picture of the students weaknesses and strengths this determines the students achievement. These assessments include how there is sharing of information to the student to how the conducting of the assessment about the information. Collecting data about the students progress is part of both assessments. FormativeRead MoreHow Teacher Leaders Connect and Monitor Student Learning Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesHow Teacher Leaders Connect and Manage Student Learning Teachers and teacher leaders are the central element to student learning. Teachers provide a safe, active learning community that fosters respect, caring, sharing, responsibility, and the love of learning. Teachers are charged with ensuring that all students receive a quality education regardless of race, origin, or learning ability. The purpose of this interview is to obtain effective teacher strategies that show how effective teachers areRead MoreTeaching and Learning in the Clinical Setting Essay794 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching and learning in the clinical setting is not a new concept and the teaching of clinical skill to nursing student ranks high on the current agenda of nurse education (Pfeil, 2003). Therefore, has be the duty of teachers to continue to provide ongoing guidance during teaching and learning taking place. According to While (2004), the mentor is required to feel personally and professionally confident when assessing the student’s performance. This allo ws the development of the students will becomeRead MoreThe Danielson Framework For Teaching1378 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Æ' The Danielson framework for teaching is described by the Danielson group as â€Å"a research-based set of components of instruction, aligned to the INTASC standards, and grounded in a constructivist view of learning and teaching. The complex activity of teaching is divided into 22 components (and 76 smaller elements) clustered into four domains of teaching responsibility† Each component defines a different aspects of its respective domain. Levels of teaching evaluation tools provide rubrics that describeRead MoreProgress Monitoring For Improving Instruction1384 Words   |  6 Pages Progress Monitoring In Improving Instruction Ghadeer Alsobahi CIMT611 10/08/2014 Progress Monitoring In Improving Instruction Educational program quality and relevance is a matter of significance to educators globally. In fact, enormous resources are channeled towards developing appropriate instruction purposefully to enhance the quality of educational programs (Fleischman, 2005). In the contemporary societies, educators are concerned with the search for appropriate tools thatRead MoreStrategies And Methods On Implementation Of Education In Special Education1607 Words   |  7 Pagesdirectors, special education staff, and many more school professionals work together to promote success for all students academically, behaviorally, and socially. Training in most school systems is systematically provided to teachers on implementation of academic programs used for core instruction. Such training often incorporates standards based instruction strategies and assessments needed for the academic programs (Goetze Burkett, 2010). Collaborative groups and grade level meetings areRead MoreThe Danielson Framework Is A Tool964 Words   |  4 Pageseducational researches that have identified several responsibilities that are essential for student to learn in the classroom. Therefore, these responsibilities are required and are things that teachers should be aware of and should be able to do as a teacher. The framework is also aligned with the Common Core Standards philosophy. As a result, the framework emphasizes critical thinking and active participation by students. The framework is composed of 4 domains and 22 components. Each component has a levelRead MoreResponse to Intervention1095 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper focuses on the Response to Intervention. As educators we are hearing RTI more frequently in the school districts than ever before. Many educators and state officials agree that all teachers should know and get to know the benefits and importance of RTI. The most crucial aspect to know is the RTI takes place into the regular childhood classroom; this is not something that just special education teachers need to know. This paper explains the purpose and a brief history of RTI. The paper offers

Comparing the French Poets Free Essays

Antony Bush said: to me poetry is an expression of self thought. It would seem then that poetry a personal journey that a poet shares with a willing audience. This journey through the poet’s ego or consciousness is what allows poetry to be dynamic, enigmatic, and provocative. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing the French Poets or any similar topic only for you Order Now Poetry then isn’t a way in which a poet can complain about a broken heart or a broken family but a way in which they can more vividly and truthfully express their surrounding circumstance and place metaphor in the place of cliche. For instance, instead of saying ‘my heart is broken’ a poet can say ‘my heart splinters into a thousand galaxies’ thereby relating their personal pain into a more worldly occurrence and thus making the poem accessible to their audience. The aim of poetry then is to make readers feel more human when they read lines like â€Å"We flit each other, fluid affectionate, chaste, matured. You grew up with me, were a boy with me or a girl with me† in which Walt Whitman expresses to his reader how he knows them – and in knowing them he transcends time, gender, and space thereby making the reader a little less lonely. That is the goal of poetry, to make people feel less lonely, to have them feel as if someone else has felt their love, joy, pain and grief and made it through these human emotions – it gives the reader hope that they too will make it through life. In Baudelaire’s poem One O’clock in the Morning he expresses enthusiasm for being alone. Except, in his third sentence he says ‘ours’ meaning that he is not alone, his desire was to be alone with someone – to be left by the world so that he can exist in a world of two. This is a common theme among poets. However, this ‘ours’ is rather ambiguous and the reader is left with the impression that Baudelaire is indeed alone. He states, â€Å"tyranny of the human face† meaning he attributes almost everything wrong in the world to humanity and not to simply one person but all people. Is he then an exception? The poem does not say. The poem is however definitely pointing out how sick humanity is. The poet expresses rather masochistic tendencies in wanting to be alone (the turn of the key in the lock) and how he wants to be bathed in darkness. With such metaphors and imagery the poet succeeds in delivering his desire to be alone. In Rimbaud’s poem Barbarian the poet speaks of distant – distant from humanity (again). This is shown with his allusions to humanity being a â€Å"banner of bleeding meat† and how being far from such barbarism, one can be at peace again. He perhaps has had his vision of heroism denied or proven false as this banner (a banner which is carried in battle) is what drives the narrator quite mad with barbaric thoughts. Perhaps Rimbaud is talking about death. His reverie in stating â€Å"Oh World† is a cry of a dying man, and the â€Å"eyes floating† confirms this argument. Rimbaud’s poem goes on to state something about the world and the treasures of that world that he will miss – this statement is given in parenthesis, â€Å"(Far from the old retreats and the old flames, that are known, that are felt)† (Rimbaud line 11-12). He is making a comparison between life and this new place and how both perhaps have their positive and negatives. Rimbaud however leaves the reader in an ambiguous state as he does not seem to favor one state of being over the other (unlike Baudelaire) but merely makes exhalations about either place and his feeling toward both. In the end, perhaps it is not death he is explaining in his poem, but heartbreak – a love over a woman. He states he that he sees the eyes and hair and the floating form before him – so in the end, the poem is perhaps more about how being out of favor or out of someone’s love affects him. How to cite Comparing the French Poets, Papers

Because I Could Not Stop For Death Essay Example For Students

Because I Could Not Stop For Death Essay Death has been portrayed in many ways in literature, from a dark mysterious stalker to a celebration of eternal life. Every person has their own view of death, which means that death has no boundaries as to what form it takes. Some of the more widely used views are as a feared being, a humorous clown, and as a continuance of life. In the short story Idiots First(1223) death is portrayed as an evil stalker, who tries to keep the main character Mendell from getting his son to a family member, to take care of him, before he dies. Ginzburg (Death) takes the form of many characters in the story, all of which hinder Mendell from completing his task. In the end of the story Ginzburg has Mendell at his mercy, at the gate to the train, and looks into the eyes of Mendell and can see the fear he has of not being able to take care of his son. Death takes pity on Mendell and allows him to put his son on the train. In Appointment in Samara the servant is sent to the market, while at the market, he sees death. When the servant returns to his master he tells him that he has seen death and that he must leave before death comes for him. The servant fearing for his life leaves for Samara. The master goes to the market place and also sees death and asks him about his servant. Death tells him that he has nothing to worry about th at his servant is not to die here but in Samara. The servant fearing that he will die runs straight to his death. Humor and death are an odd combination, and to some people it may seam morbid. In some context death has a humorous side. A good example of this is in Woody Allens, Death Knocks (1305). Death is viewed as a clumsy little man, who is out of shape, and is not very serious about his work. Nat the main character in the play tries to control his fate, and coaxes death into a game of Gin Rummy, and if he wins he gets an extension on his life. When Nat wins the game and all of the money that death has, death is forced to leave with nothing to show for his nights work. In the poem Nobody Loses All The Time (1280), Uncle Sol is described as born loser who never in his life had anything go in his favor. Only in his death was he a success at anything. The humor of the poem is ironic due to the fact that Uncle Sol became a successful worm farmer after his death, and was in the grave . Dickinsons masterpieces lives on complex ideas that are evoked through symbols, which carry her readers through her poems. Besides the literal significance of the school, Gazing Grain, Setting Sun, and the Ring much is gathered to complete the poems central idea. Emily brought to light the mysteriousness of the lifescycle. Ungraspable to many, the cycle of oneslife, as symbolized by Dickinson, has three stages and then a final stage of eternity. These three stages are recognized by Mary N. Shawn as follows: School, where children strove 9. Because it deals with an important symbol, the Ring this first scene is perhaps the most important . One author noted that the children, at recess, do not play as one would expect them to but strive Monteiro 20. In addition, at recess the children performed a venerable ritual, perhaps known to all, in a ring. This ritual is called Ring-a-ring-a-roses, and is recited: Ring-a ring-a-roses, A pocket full of posies; Hush! hush! hush! hush! Were all tumble down. qtd. In Greenaway 365 Monteiro made the discovery and concluded that For indeed, imbedded in their ritualistic game is a reminder of the mortal stakes that the poet talks about elsewhere 21. On this invited journey, one vividly sees the Children playing, laughing, and singing. This scene conveys deep emotions and moods through verbal pictures. In I heard a fly buzz when I died Most readers would agree that this basically, poems narrative. What is beguiling, however, is that the frightening tone teases us into looking beyond the naturalistic details of the scene. Dickinson uses controlling adjectives stillness stumbling to create a tone that seems rather placid. For example, the stillness in the room/ Was like the stillness in the air/With blue, uncertain, stumbling buzz, sets a frightening atmosphere2, 3,13.In this poem, one author wrote gothic tone relief interposes, by one of those homely inconsequence which may be observed in fact to attend  even upon desperate human occasions Sewall 90. Examining Emily Dickinsons poem which begins I heard a fly buzz when I died in the light of the theological tradition the author was nurtured in, the reader finds a new symbolic value such as the fly. The fly symbolizes putrefaction and decay I see the fly as an agent or emissary of Satan, one author wrote, the Satan puritans would expect to be present at death of and individual possibly or certainly damned to hell Hollahan 6. The first two stanzas and part of the third except for the intriguing and, in its context, somewhat quizzical first line presents death as a momentous event. Death affects others besides the dying person. the eyes around had wrung them dry 5. It involves the willing of property. It entails the ritual of the deathbed and the entrance to another, and everlasting life. All of the elements of the poem lead of to the impending arrival of the king who is death. One author wrote, the description of death as the king adds to the solemnity of the deathbed scene by suggesting pomp and circumstance, dignity, majesty and noble splendor Beck 31. The last thing that the speaker hears is a blue uncertain stumbling buzz 13. The opposite of the nice martial music associated with the entrance of the king. The fly represents an ironic contrast to what might be called the grandiosity of public dying. With death the body functions cease and decay begins. The fly then, becomes a symbol of private as oppos ed to public dying. .u2947281fd2e4ae29b3b72a494541f0c4 , .u2947281fd2e4ae29b3b72a494541f0c4 .postImageUrl , .u2947281fd2e4ae29b3b72a494541f0c4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2947281fd2e4ae29b3b72a494541f0c4 , .u2947281fd2e4ae29b3b72a494541f0c4:hover , .u2947281fd2e4ae29b3b72a494541f0c4:visited , .u2947281fd2e4ae29b3b72a494541f0c4:active { border:0!important; } .u2947281fd2e4ae29b3b72a494541f0c4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2947281fd2e4ae29b3b72a494541f0c4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2947281fd2e4ae29b3b72a494541f0c4:active , .u2947281fd2e4ae29b3b72a494541f0c4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2947281fd2e4ae29b3b72a494541f0c4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2947281fd2e4ae29b3b72a494541f0c4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2947281fd2e4ae29b3b72a494541f0c4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2947281fd2e4ae29b3b72a494541f0c4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2947281fd2e4ae29b3b72a494541f0c4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2947281fd2e4ae29b3b72a494541f0c4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2947281fd2e4ae29b3b72a494541f0c4 .u2947281fd2e4ae29b3b72a494541f0c4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2947281fd2e4ae29b3b72a494541f0c4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ode on Melancholy and ode to autumn EssayIn conclusion, these poems exercises both the thoughts and emotions of its reader and can effectively change ones viewpoint of an eternal future. Eternity and death are two important characters in Emily Dickinsons Because I could not stop for death and I heard a fly buzz when I died In fact eternity is a state of being. Dickinson believed in an eternity after death. Agreeably. One can say that Emily Dickinsons sole purpose in Because I could not stop for death show no fear of death and I heard a fly buzz when I died show a fear of death and life doesnt exist.These two poems will leave many readers talking for years to come. These po ems then, puts on immortality through an act of mere creativity. Indeed , creativity was captured at all angles in the striking piece.

The Ring of Shame Essay Example

The Ring of Shame Essay â€Å"Ye have both been here before, but I was not with you. Come hither once again, and we will stand all three together! † In his feeble attempts to make public his hidden shame, Reverend Dimmesdale attempts to include himself in the infinite ring of ignominy that he, Hester, and Pearl have inevitably been trapped in. With this theme in mind, Nathaniel Hawthorne, in his masterpiece, The Scarlet Letter, uses the characters of Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Peal to illuminate the them of isolation coupled wit the destruction of The fabric â€Å"A† that Hester must wear sets her apart from everyone in the colony. It is firmly and magnificently placed up her clothing but it also has been sewn into her heart. â€Å"Not a stitch in that embroidered letter, but she has felt it in her heart. † Hester’s â€Å"A† causes others to disassociate themselves with her, but her heart cause her to disassociate with others. Hester placed herself in isolation because of both the guilt in her heart and the heinous acts of others. As Hester’s shame and guilt is shown for all to see, Dimmesdale’s hidden guilt prevents him from forming intimate social relationships. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ring of Shame specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Ring of Shame specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Ring of Shame specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In order to have an intimate relationship, one must open his or herself up to the other party. Dimmesdale is not able to do this, because he fears the result that might come if he tells any soul about his sin. He is forced to keep his problems concealed. Because of his confinement and hidden secrets he has made himself ill. â€Å"The physician advanced directly in front of his patient, laid his hand upon his bosom, and thrust aside the vestment, that, hitherto, had always covered it. Pearl represents the third ring of ignominy in this story. Pearl was born an outcast of the infantile world. † This holds true because Pearl was the daughter of Hester, the town adulteress. The other children ken this and persecuted Pearl for her mother’s sin, which hindered her from developing relationships with other children and people in general. Pearl also isolates herself from other people because of her florid temper and devilish qualities. People fear Pearl for her outrageous behavi or, her knack to uncover the truth in some of the things she sees, and her knowledge and understanding she has for her young age. Ye have both been here before, but I was not with you. Come up hither once again, and we will stand all three together! † Arthur Dimmesdale, Hester Prynne, and little Pearl all struggle with their own torments, yet are all three related in the root of their struggles and in isolation. Nathaniel Hawthorn, in his masterpiece, The Scarlet Letter, uses the characters of Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Pearl to illuminate the theme of isolation. The isolation of all three derived as a result of sin, and all three must live with the consequences whether deserved or not. Hester, Pearl and most importantly, Arthur Dimmesdale, all find themselves fuelled by this underlining feeling of ignominy. It’s sets them all apart for the rest of the colony, but also brings them together. For Hester, her shame is presented to the whole colony. While Arthur Dimmesdale hides his under his vest, but does this provide him with any comfort. In the midst of all this, lies a child who innocently came into a world where friendships were doomed impossible. All three on a scaffold. All three in the ring of ignominy.

Gross Domestic Product The WritePass Journal

Gross Domestic Product References Gross Domestic Product IntroductionGross domestic income (G.D.P)GNH(growth national happiness)DIFFEERENCEPROBLEMS OF MESURING G.D.PG.D.P DOESNOT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT OF INCOME DISTRIBUTIONG.D.P measures divorce, crime, and natural disaster as economical gainGDP INCREASES WITH POLLUTING ACTIVITIESPROBLEMS OF MESURING G.N.HReferencesRelated Introduction Gross domestic product (GDP) refers to the market value of all goods and services produced within a country in a given length of time. It is usually used to indicate countries standard of leaving. Simon Kuznets a n American economic researcher , who has pointed out that there is more to life than money, has been focusing on â€Å"gross national happiness â€Å"another way of indicating countries standard of leaving. But this time it is by measuring the change in our standard of living and by our quality of life instead of how much money we pocketed in a given period of time. The concept of gross national happiness or (GNH )was developed in an attempt to define an indicator that measures quality life or social progress in more holistic and physychological terms than gross domestic product .This idea has been   followed from the upper echelons of Barack Obama to the prim minister of united Kingdome David Cameron   the goal of measuring nations well being has been a major goal of this policy makers .They join the trend setter the Kingdome of Bhutan a Himalayan mountain country located in south Asia between republic of India and people republic of china . Gross domestic income (G.D.P) Product or output approach, income approach and expenditure approach have been used to determine GDP.   Because of summing up the output of every product enterprise to come to the total the product approach has been the most direct of the three approaches. On the other hand the income approach principle says income of producers must be equal to the value of their product and it determines gross domestic income by finding the sum of all producers’ income. Expenditure approach uses a principle that all of the product must be bought by somebody, therefore the value of the total product must be equal to peoples’ expenditure in buying things. GNH(growth national happiness) GNH (gross national happiness) was introduced to measure quality of life in a nation. The term was initiated in 1972 by Bhutan’s former king jigme   singyewangchuch, who lead Bhutan into modernization. but under the leadership of karma Ura ,it developed a sophisticated survey instrument .This survey instrument measures the general wellbeing of the Bhutan nation. The instrument was invented with collaboration with the Canadian health epidemiologist Michael pennoke.like many psychological and social indicators,GNH is somewhat easier to state than to define with mathematical precision.(WIKIWIKI) DIFFEERENCE The difference between the two is, G.D.P is based on how the country is pocketing money and how each year they are growing or going down financial wise .but gross national happiness indicate or measure national well being, by measuring this they will know how happy the nation is. Measuring national happiness is used to help the government understand â€Å"with evidence â€Å"the best way of improving peoples well being (David Cameron). By measuring how happy the nation is .But on the other hand G.D.P measure countries economical performance. G.D.P measures quantitative measures not qualitative like G.N.H.  Ã‚   G.D.P takes no account of the distribution of income and includes no moral judgments about the worth of the activity performed Money is the most common medium of exchange in the modern world .modern nation compares their wealth with the amount of money they accumulate. Money can buy you just about anything in this modern age.   Many big nations like the United Kingdom and the United States of America measure their economic wealth by G.D.P or gross domestic product. But this countries are realising there is more to life than money, they are considering   measuring national wellbeing or gross national happiness (G.N.H) to measure how happy there nation is, the first nation that measured G.N.H is the country of Bhutan. Bhutan’s does not idolise money as the rest of the world does. They do not have as many material possessions as the people of the united Kingdome or of the United States. There for money does not have a major usage. Its seems like people in the united Kingdome tend to need money to be happy in life,(give good example from the hand out?)The people of Bhutan do not need money or wealth to be happy. Families in the western society are straggling to feed and maintain necessity needs in the house. Parents have to be working full time to pay for food, gas, internet, electricity, transport   .it can be any kind of transport it can be a car, for example when owning a car there are cost that comes with it like paying for road tax insurance and petrol. it can also   be a   train, there is cost that comes with it like paying monthly or weekly or   daily travel card but in the country of Bhutan the means   of transport is,   use mule back or horse back to move from place to place which is cost less. Some of these expenses are not necessity in the country of Bhutan like the internet. There life is not based on technology they don’t need the internet to live there life but on the other hand UK families need internet to lead there day to day life ,the kids at home needs internet to do there course work the the father and mother needs it to pay bills and for work purpose   .This had mounted the expense of the UK and most western families expenses.† the more money you got the   more expense u will have â€Å"the stress level in western world is highly elevated ,as opposed to the stress level of families of Bhutan. Bhutanese families spend time together as they usually work together in their farm or at home. There life style tends to be togetherness. Therefore giving Bhutanese a good quality time with their family. Which also avoid loneliness or spending time worrying .Bhutan’s work as a family which means they chain of delegation is from a family member? Which makes their jobs easier, they don’t have a boss ordering them or giving them dead line to finish a task or a work time keeper who cheeks time when they come late to work them gives them a final warning. This in itself can avoid work related stress .stress at work is a major issue in the united kingdom according to the BBC news, stress at work makes men ill. † Bhutanese people have much less money than Britons but they seem to be happier because they don’t have any use for money. The trade in Bhutan deals with animals or foods, or handcrafted articles of clothing or weaponry .In the UK everything or every transaction requires the use of money in one way or the other .G.D.P is very important in a country like the united Kingdome .because economies change very rapidly from positive to negative and vice versa .but the economies of country like Bhutans is so small. There for makes G.D.P measurement harder. Growth national happiness in Bhutan seems to work for them than growth domestic product. Becouse people don’t use money; they have more opportunity to be happy with what they owned . PROBLEMS OF MESURING G.D.P DOUBLECOUNTING     There are lots of problems in measuring G.D.P, one of the problems in measuring G.D.P is errors and omission, and this is a problem in calculating and collecting the statistics of nation. This problem arises because people hide their incomes and firms hide their expenditure to avoid taxation. as   a result of this there will be another economical nation called the black economy in one country, (Akemed 2001 ) also suggest that it is   known as â€Å"rag gun†. Another way in which double counting can occur is through stock appreciation. The increase in inflation which will also increase the stock value, even though this adds firms a profit; it represents no increase in real income .gain such as this must be deducted from the income figure. G.D.P DOESNOT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT OF INCOME DISTRIBUTION By trying to avoid distribution of income, G.D.P hides the fact that rising tide dos note lift all boats. from the early ninety seventieth till mid ninetieth G.D.P rose by staggering 50% were by wages suffered a massive fall of 14 % ,in the start of ninety eighty one alone the upper   5% of households increased their real income by almost   20% yet the G.D.P present   this massive gain at the top as a bounty to all.   In 2006 Richard Layard an economist from LSE argued unhappiness is a bigger problem than unemployment in the United Kingdom. This shows people are more concerned about their happiness and well being than there income. There for measuring peoples income is useless, because people are not concerned about what they get paid they are more concerned about their happiness and well being .more people are claiming incapacity benefits because of depression and other mental disorder. So policy makers need to take into accounts such factors, And change the way we calculate the countries growth.(THE ECONOMIST NOVEMBER 27Th 2010 edition page 86). G.D.P measures divorce, crime, and natural disaster as economical gain As G.D.P records every monetary transaction as a positive one the cost of social problem in natural disaster are classified as economical advance. Divorce adds billion pounds through legal expenses, crime ads billions to the UK GDP due the need for security measures increasing police protection and medical cost. Hurricane Andrew was disastrous for southern Florida, but GDP has recorded it as a boom to the US economy pocketing well over 15billion dollars. ( Clifford W. Cobb and John B. Cobb, Jr. 1994:12 ) GDP INCREASES WITH POLLUTING ACTIVITIES Highly funded cleanup of toxic sites is slated to cost billions of pounds over the next three years. This will also increase up the GDP, the growth domestic product first added the economic activity or economic boom in industries and manufacturing to generate the pollution. It creates illusion that pollution is double economical benefits. This is how Exxon Valdez oil spill led to the increase of GDP. This shows that GDP measures quantitatively, it includes no moral judgment about the activity performed to increase the economy. More to this the clean up on nuclear accident like of the Fukushima in Japan will add to GDP in the same way of production of solar power.   When oil is found in one country it is sold to the consumers it is counted as an additional to the country’s wealth rather than loose or depletion of the country’s resource. PROBLEMS OF MESURING G.N.H On the other hand growth national happiness also has its down falls, GNH is rather complementary than a real substitute of G.D.P. Our business environment needs highly tangible indices like G.D.P in order to assess its market. As Mr. Cameron said it â€Å"you cannot capture happiness on a spreadsheet any more than you can bottle it†. Critics say that international comparison of well-being will be difficult on this model; proponents maintain that each country can define its own measure of GNH as it chooses, and that comparisons over time between nations will have validity .Recently there has been concern that happiness research could be used to advance authoritarian aims. Some participants at a happiness conference in Rome have suggested that happiness research should not be used as a matter of public policy but rather used to inform individuals. In the case of Bhutan (BBC news 2003) shows that the government expelled about one hundred thousand people and stripped them of their Bhutanese citizenship on the grounds that the deportees were ethnic Nepalese who had settled in the country illegally. While this would reduce Bhutans wealth by most traditional measures such as GDP, the Bhutan government claims it has not reduced Bhutans GNH .growth national happiness is hard to measure and it has its own conciseness .because happiness is not definable its hard to put on a spread sheet, unless everyone is brain scanned. So it requires lots of time and money. Major problems with measuring happiness are that, it is composed of other elements to. In crude mathematics it will be defined as H=R-E.in short it means the lower peoples expectation are the happier they are, on the other hand the   higher peoples expectation are the less happy they are. Most people think happiness is not measurable, it’s too abstract, too subjective, too hard to quantify by asking people how satisfy they are with their life on a scale of one to ten, on doing so this will not give accurate answer for measuring happiness. The other alternative is to focus in particular set of events and ask what feeling do people   show as the day goes on or â€Å"   day reconstruction method or DRM† which is produce by researchers including Norbert   Schwarz   a physiologist and the economist Alan Krueger   ex chief economist of the us treasury and another noble prize winner physiologist Daniel k . ‘The alternative approach to measure happiness by recalling episode by episode of previous day event and the most highlighted part of feeling   like stress , peace, exhaustion elation. Inshore this approach measures mood and life satisfaction and these two concepts are quite different ways to think about happiness. ‘  Ã‚  Ã‚   a survey measuring woman in America in France found that the Americans were twice likely to say they were very satisfied and happy with their lives but on the other hand the French women spent more of their day in a good mood.   â€Å"We have tended for too long to use a single ward to refer to wide Varity of things† says professor kahanman.   There is a real need to distinguish between life satisfaction and mood or experienced happiness. They are quite distinct and they have different causes and consequences. So this has led happiness hard to measure because of all consequences that come with it therefore GNH can be a problem to meas ure success of a country because of the low accuracy level. A country cannot measure its success on inaccurate results. References (1). thinkingeurope.eu/content.php?hmID=20smID=34ssmID=196  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Accessed on 9 Mar11) (2) scribd.com/doc/2977226/Economics-Gross-Domestic-Product-vs-Gross-National-Happiness used it   for the difference on 23 march (3)BBC (2006) stress at work makes men at work ill(on line) available from   http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/5059278.stm 4 THE GREEN NATIONAL PRODUCT: A Proposed Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare; Clifford W. Cobb and John B. Cobb, Jr; University Press of America, 1994 ISBN 0-8191-9322-4) 5) BBC(2003) butan refugees on hunger strike(on line) available at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/2774803.stm

Benefits of green tea on oral health Research Paper - 1

Benefits of green tea on oral health - Research Paper Example These illnesses included periodontitis, gingivitis, as well as dental trauma, for example, oral cysts, subluxation, and after wisdom tooth removal. Oral health is a determining element for quality life, vital for healthiness, and a vital part of over-all health. In the European Union, the socio-economic obligation of oral illnesses is substantial: they affect a greater part of school-aged kids and grown-ups, and make up 5 percent of public health expenditure (Cho, Oh & Oh 357). Costs of established curative cure have escalated from 54 billion pounds in 2000 to 79 billion pounds in 2012, plus are projected to increase up to 93 bn pounds by 2020. Therapy expenditure surpasses that of other illnesses, including heart disease, cancer, dementia as well as stroke. This is alarming, since most of dental diseases burden is avertible (Pavel & Pave 104). A variety of health disorders is linked with oral ailment. Poorly regulated diabetes ailment is a well-recognized risk cause for fostering periodontal failure and latest research displays how protracted gum diseases may increase diabetic impediments (Erridge, Cox & Dixon 152). Gum ailments are also linked with coronary heart syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and adversative pregnancy outcomes. Oral illnesses are easily avoidable by healthy nutrition, consistent dental check-ups as well as routine personal dental hygiene habits, including re-current oral check-ups, the usage of mouthwashes and toothpastes with fluoride, inter-dental washing, and chewingno-sugar chewing gum while traveling. Frequent fluoride exposure, consistent brushing, a nutritious diet as well as routine dental care all add to enhanced oral health results and a decrease in oral healthiness inequities (Pham-Huy, Pham-Huy & He 12). In revelation of this, attempting to expose the full capacity of oral inhibition appears to be an extremely encouraging policy method to decrease the considerable costs and burden of oral

I believe that smile can bridge the gap between people Essay

I believe that smile can bridge the gap between people - Essay Example A smile is a healthy facial expression which displays happiness and I believe that it can function towards bringing people closer together and also in bridging the gap between people. The personal event that comes to my mind with this statement is a fight that I had with a very close friend of mine which lasted for days. The issue would have stayed the same and unresolved had I not let go of my harsh feelings and smiled towards my friend. I have assessed the fact that a person can use his lips to worsen relationships by using a harsh tone and being rude but a smile on these lips can do the opposite and work towards connecting people and bringing them closer together. My personal experience has made my belief stronger that a smile can serve to heal scarred relationships and it can help in forming bonds between people. My patch up with one of my closest friends after a fight gave me a strong impression that a smile can do wonders and can help in solving strained relationships. I was ve ry close to one of my neighbors and we stayed in the same neighborhood for years. She was a very close acquaintance of mine and I never hesitated in sharing my thoughts and opinions with her. We shared a strong bond of friendship and helped each other in difficult times. Not only this, we studied in the same school as young children and this brought us closer. We both knew about each other’s weaknesses and strong points and we supported each other at every point where one of us about to fail. She moved from my neighborhood and we joined different schools as well but we still enjoyed the same level of friendship. But things changed when I had a different circle of friends and so did she. We started spending lesser time together and this lack of communication brought many misunderstandings. It reached a point where we had so many problems with each other that we barely talked. Despite of these issues, I still remembered the good times that I had spent with her and I realized th at she had been a very close aide who had been with me in my times of happiness as well as sorrow. I wished that we would be together again but I did not see the possibility. One day while I was outside in the neighborhood for a walk in the evening, I saw my friend over there as well. She was there to visit her aunt. As soon as we shared looks, I could not help but smile at seeing her after such a long time. She had a very stern expression on her face but after she saw me smiling, she shared the smile and I walked towards her. If I had been like her and ignored her at that time, I do not think that we would ever have been able to get over with our problems. This event totally made me believe that a smile can build relationships and help in correcting strained relationships. A smile is one of the very powerful expressions which can do wonders and help in bridging the gap between people. It is a form of expressing happiness. I believe it is a wonderful way of overcoming problems in re lationships and it can help in bringing together separated friends and family members. It works more than words and presents the welcoming nature of an individual. The personal event of my life strengthened my views with regard to smiling and it taught me the importance of this expression and how it actually works as a healer. If a person cannot express his feelings

Spy Virus Linked to Israel Targeted Hotels Article

Spy Virus Linked to Israel Targeted Hotels - Article Example Moreover, Israeli has previously targeted events attended by prominent world leaders, and the fact that the virus was also in computers utilized in the commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the Nazi death camp confirmed the suspicion that Israeli was behind the cyber attack. Even so, the degree of sophistication of the virus has made it difficult for security experts to determine what kind of information the hackers stole. In fact, security experts estimate that it could take ten adept computer scientists â€Å"more than two years to build such a clean copycat† (Entous and Yadron, 2015). Overall, Kaspersky is relentlessly attempting to study the manner in which this sophisticated virus works before embarking on a mission to establish powerful antivirus programs to protect customers from cyber security vulnerability. Cyber criminality has been around for a long time. However, what is striking is that hackers are taking their ‘game’ to a completely new level. Hac kers have come to learn that by targeting security companies, they can learn quite a great deal about internet defenses. For instance, Kaspersky was a victim to the attack since the Israeli had a hint that Kaspersky antivirus programs protected the networks and computers in the target hotels. Following a successful attack on Kaspersky, it would be easy for the hackers to spy on their desired information. Verdonck (2015) affirms that hackers target the most vulnerable links in the company, who are the people. Kaspersky was no exception.

The Importance Of Pre-Modern Society

The Importance Of Pre-Modern Society Human history can be divided into three phases: pre-modern, modern and post modern. There is no definite beginning or end to each of these phases; rather they merge into one another, as not all societies moved forward at the same time. Although most industrialised countries are now considered post modern, a large proportion of the Third World remains modern or in some cases pre- modern. Pre- Modern is the period in society which came prior to Modernity, which began in Europe after the introduction of Industrial society and large scale production. Sociology and modernity are closely intertwined, but it has also been argued that sociology is actually a product of modernity. During this piece I will examine pre- modern society and discuss some of the reasons why the study of this era is important for sociology. What is Pre- modern Society? The pre-modern era spans from before history and can be separated into two phases, before and after settled agriculture. Before settled agriculture, society lives off the land, hunting and gathering. An example of a hunter- gatherer society that exists today is the Arctic foragers, who occupy the circumpolar region of the earth. Due to the lack of vegetation in this area of the world, most Arctic foragers are forced to live on a diet of meat. Many Arctic people are extremely mobile like the feudal societies of pre- modern times. Pre-modern society: The term pre- modern, covers a number of different societal forms: hunter-gatherer, agrarian, horticultural, pastoral and non-industrial. Pre-modern social forms have now virtually disappeared, although they are still in existence in some of todays societies, therefore pre- modern cannot be defined in terms of historical development. In this respect, pre-modern societies can be characterised by a combination of economic, political and cultural circumstances. In pre-modern society, work was not highly specialised and the number of roles necessary to produce things were relatively small, therefore the division of labour was simple when compared to modern societies. Most of the labour forces engaged in agricultural activity and produced food through subsistence farming. The majority of pre-industrial groups had standards of living not much above survival, meaning that most of the population were focused on producing only enough goods for means of survival. The rise of settled agricultural villages meant the build up of storable produce, which represented a cultural advance for civilisation. With the development of storage, in some rare cases came some social unrest, as what could be stored could also be stolen. It should be noted here that in pre- modern times there was very little deviance, as communities were extremely close knit and everybody knew each other. Pre- Modern society was a time without class distinctions and people shared the same sense of values. In Pre- Modern times, a persons sense of purpose was expressed through a faith. Religious officials held the positions of power within the communities and were the intermediaries to the general masses. The population of pre-modern times saw God as the main entity and those closest to him, for example the religious officials, were seen as the community leaders. Persons in pre- modern society did not see themselves as having an individual identity rather a group identity. Social life in pre-modern society also often had religion at its core. Villages were divided into parishes and the observance of religion took place at a community level. In post modern society, the influence of religion appears to have lessened, although it formed the basis for modern penal laws, which regulate human behaviour like religion did in pre- modern times. Industrialisation and the making of Modern Society: In order to understand why the study of pre- modern times is vital to sociology, it is important to look to the Industrial Revolution, as this was a time of great change for European society, and the crossing over from pre- modern to modern society. Industrialisation is the process whereby social and economic change transforms a pre- industrial society into an industrial one. Industrialisation also introduces a form of philosophical change, where people take a different attitude towards their perception of nature. During the Industrial revolution, an economy based on manual labour was replaced by one taken over by industry and the manufacture of machinery. Rapid industrialisation cost many craft workers their jobs and scores of weavers also found themselves unemployed as they could not compete with machinery. Many unemployed workers turned their anger towards the machines that had taken their jobs and began destroying factories and machinery. These activists became known as Luddites and became extremely popular. The British government took drastic measures against the Luddites using the army to protect the factories. The Industrial Revolution saw the emergence of class, urbanisation and the bad conditions in which people had to live and work in. Marxism essentially began as a reaction to the Industrial Revolution. As the Industrial Revolution progressed so did the gap between class structures. According to Karl Marx, industrialisation polarised society into the bourgeoisie, and the much larger proletariat. Ordinary working people found increased opportunity for employment in the mills and factories and in some cases had no choice but to move to the towns and cities in search of work. By the early 1900s up to eighty per cent of the population of Britain lived in urban centres (Kumar, 1978, cited in Bilton et al, p.28). Using the clock to time ones self, as a basis of social organisation, was an indicator of the emergence of a modern society. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries both agricultural and manufacturing labour became set by the clock in a way that was very different to pre-modern production. In pre-modern times factors such as hours of daylight set work rhythms, whereas the factories were regulated by the clock, labour was synchronised and took place for a certain number of hours each day and on particular days of the week. For the factory owners and their employees, time now equalled money. The working conditions were often strict with long working hours and a pace that was set by machinery and production. With the Industrial Revolution came an increase in population. Education was still limited and therefore children were expected to work. Child labour was appealing to employers as it was cheaper than employing an adult yet productivity was similar. The machines did not require strength to operate and there were no experienced adult labourers as the system was completely new. By the eighteenth century there was only around thirty percent of the population who engaged in agricultural activity, this enables us to gain some idea of the nature of modern society and the economic changes that took place as modern society developed. The majority of ordinary people were greatly affected by capitalism and industrial production. By the late 1900s Englands Black Country was one of the most industrialised parts of the United Kingdom and in the 1830s was described in the following way; The earth seems to have turned inside out. The coal. is blazing on the surface by day and by night the country is flowing with fire, and the smoke of the ironworks hangs over it. There is a rumbling and clanking of iron forges and rolling mills. Workmen covered in smut, and with fierce white eyes, are seen moving amongst the glowing iron and dull thud of the forge-hammers. (Jennings,1985 p.165) Conclusion: The transition from pre- modernity into modernity was important for sociology as people began to see that society was something important to study. Some argue that this was when sociology began as the emergence of modern societies created a new intellectual world aware of its surroundings and concerned with acquisition of knowledge. Sociology is concerned with the study of human societies.a society is a cluster, or a system of institutionalised modes of conduct.sociology has as its main focus the study of institutions of the advanced or the industrialised societies and of the conditions of transformation of those institutions. (Giddens 1982) As modernity took form, changes in social attitudes within society occurred making society itself interesting to others. Unlike the static pre- modern society, modern societies appear to have created many different groups, causing new and interesting interactions between people. In the pre- modern era, relationships between people in society were extremely similar and perhaps uneventful and society had been static, therefore sociology was not required.

A Study Of Depression And Relationships Essay -- essays research paper

A Study of Depression and Relationships A primary concern for Psychology research is depression. Depression affects a great deal of our population and many aspects of an individual's mental health and well-being. In my research of books, articles, and Internet pages on depression, I chose to base my paper mainly on a 1994 article of a study of depression, entitled Depression, Working Models of Others, and Relationship Functioning, by Katherine B. Carnelley, Paula R. Pietromonaco, and Kenneth Jaffe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This study focuses on the idea that the type of care received in childhood, positive or negative, has a great effect on relationship functioning later in adulthood. But there are two links between child-rearing and relationship functioning: attachment style and depression. Both derive from the type of care received in childhood and affect relationship functioning, and both exert a reciprocal influence on each other in adulthood. The researchers of this study wanted to examine all the correlation's between type of care, attachment style, depression, and relationship functioning. They proposed a three part hypothesis: 1. A less positive childhood would result in an insecure attachment style and depression, 2. Depressives would exhibit a preoccupied or fearful style of attachment, and 3. attachment style would affect relationship functioning more than depression.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The research was conducted in two independent studies. The first study sampled 204 college women. Women were studied based on the very plausible assumptions that women are more susceptible to depression than men and relationships carry more significance with women than men. The women were screened using the Beck Depression Inventory, a popular method of testing consisting of 21 multiple choice questions to be administered by a clinician. The questions range in scope from feelings of sadness to loss of libido. From these results, a sample of 163 was taken: 73 whose scores indicated mild depression. From this point the researchers administered various inventories to assess the type of childhood care given, romantic attachment styles, and relationship functioning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Depression appears to be the independent variable, because the sample was selected based on desired levels of depression. Once the distinction in levels of de... ...s is through hereditary. Almost 40-50 percent of the siblings of manic depressive's children also have a depression disorder. It is sometimes however hard to decipher between a normal teenager's mood swings, or a depression. People need to realize not to discriminate, and know that it is a treatable chemistry imbalance. If one's teenager is acting in a depressive state have them talk to a psychologist, and assure them nothing is wrong with them, and that it can only help.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I chose to do my research on this given that I am manic depressive. I had recently broken up in a relationship, and this research helped to satisfy some curiosities. With this research I realize how much I have been helped, and it helped to explain some of my personality traits. Someone who has manic depression should definitely go in for help, and should realize the risk of not. The research shows that the interaction between relationship functioning, depression, and attachment style are attributable to early childhood. In other words, an individual's experiences in his or her formative years can have lasting psychological effects, up to the most basic social functions in adulthood.